NCSU GIS/MEA582:
Geospatial Modeling and Analysis

Data display and visualization

Resources:

• GRASS GIS overview and manual
• Recommendations how to use GUI from the first assignment
• Screen captures for 3D visualization with 3D view (wxNVIZ) in GRASS GIS 6.4.3RC2 (similar to GRASS GIS 7 and 8)
  • Visualization in GRASS I: surface
  • Visualization in GRASS II: draping points and lines
  • Visualization in GRASS III: cutting planes

Start GRASS GIS

grass83

Your current mapset should be a previously created assignment2 in the nc_spm_08_grass7 location, you can continue working in it or create a new mapset (e.g., assignment2b) following the instructions from the previous assignments.

To save your outputs and to store external data change your working directory to the one that you created in previous assignment e.g., C:\Users\myname\Documents\GIS582_HW\report2, type cd into Console and hit Enter:

cd

Changing the default font

Visualization in 3D perspective

Interactively view "elevation" raster and vector data ("streams", "usgsgages") in 3D view, adjust viewing position, surface properties and lighting to highlight features and display landuse data over topography. Note, that legend is not currently supported in 3D view. Remove or switch off any map layers in the Layer Manager (if you have any) and set region to the raster "elevation".

d.erase
g.region raster=elevation -p 

Then add raster "elevation", and vector "streams", and "usgsgages".
Zoom to computational region and Switch to 3D view.

Follow the video Visualization in GRASS I: surface and Visualization in GRASS II: draping points and lines and save 2-3 images for your report (save as tiff or take screenshot, if you don't have tiff support).

Visualizing multiple surfaces

It is recommended to quit GRASS before starting the task below because we will be working with a smaller, high resolution region.

Start grass with your previous mapset. First set region to "rural_1m", then interpolate surface with vegetation from multiple return lidar points using the module v.surf.rst (we will explain interpolation later on).

g.region rural_1m -p
v.surf.rst input=elev_lidrural_mrpts elevation=elev_lidruralmr_1m npmin=120 segmax=25 tension=40 smooth=1.0

In Layer Manager Add rasters "elev_lidruralmr_1m" and "elev_lid792_1m" (bare earth). In Map Display Zoom to computational region.

Make sure that you have only the two elevation maps switched on in the Layer Manager. Switch to 3D view and follow the video Visualization in GRASS III: cutting planes. Save 2-3 interesting images for your report, include at least one crossection.

Basic 2D display operations

Display subsets of data

d.erase
g.region raster=landuse96_28m -p
d.rast elevation_shade
d.rast landuse96_28m values=1,2
#make sure to change opacity of the landuse layer to combine it with shaded topography
d.out.file landuse_elev

Change colors for raster maps

First create your own copy of the elevation map (see the command below).
Display it by Add raster > "myelev".

g.copy raster=elevation,myelev
d.rast myelev

Set the color table to a predefined one (feel free to select a different one than the suggestion below, e.g. sepia).

GUI options: Right Click on the raster layer "myelev" in Layer Manager > Set color table > Define > Name of color table > "elevation" > Run.
If you don't see the new colors - click the first button in Map Display to redraw.

r.colors myelev color=elevation
d.rast myelev
d.out.file mynewelevation

To create color table for future multiple uses, especially for scripting, type the rules into a plain text mycolor.txt file using a text editor (TextEdit, Notepad) and save it in your working directory, for example (feel free to use your own colors):

50 blue
70 aqua
90 green
110 yellow
130 orange
160 brown

Then assign it as follows:
Right click on "myelev" map layer > set color table > Define > Path to rules file > Run.
If needed, redraw using the first button on Map Display. You can also create and assign the above color table by typing or pasting it into the enter values interactively window or run it from comand line (make sure the rule file is in your working directory):

r.colors myelev rules=mycolor.txt
d.out.file mynewelevation2

Note that you can combine color RGB and name definitions as well as % and cat/val to create complex custom color tables and store them in a text file for future use, see the examples in r.colors man page.

Compare the use of equal interval and histogram equalized color table for slope

g.copy raster=slope,myslope
r.colors myslope color=bgyr
d.rast myslope
d.legend myslope
d.out.file myslopecolor

Now set the histogram equalized color table, and save the new slope map.

r.colors -e myslope color=bgyr
d.out.file myslopecolorequalized

To explain the difference between the two maps, you can generate a histogram. On Map Display click on Analyze map > Create histogram to open the histogram tool and save results to graphics file. Or use this command which will add a histogram as a layer to Layer Manager and then save the image:

d.histogram myslope
d.out.file slopehistogram

Modify legend, scale and grid

Note: you can use horizontal legends by using Placement at=6,10,2,30 or just stretch it horizontally with mouse.

d.barscale length=1000
d.legend myslope at=50,90,4,7

Switch off "myslope", display "myelev" raster and change the legend to "myelev" raster. Add grid for state plane coordinates at 5000m with ticks at 1000m. Also add a lat/long grid at 2 arc minute interval.

In Layer Manager > Add various overlays > Add grid layer > Size 5000 > Run.
To draw only border with ticks: change Size to 1000 and click Disable > Disable grid drawing > Run.
Switch off Disable grid drawing.
To draw lat/long grid: set Required > Size to 0:02 > click Draw > Draw geographic grid > Run.
Command line alternative:

d.rast myelev
d.legend myelev
d.grid size=5000 color=brown
d.grid -n size=1000
d.grid -g size=0:02 color=black
d.out.file myelevmap

Display color composite

d.rgb red=lsat7_2002_30 green=lsat7_2002_20 blue=lsat7_2002_10
d.vect roadsmajor color=yellow
d.out.file mylandsat

Export NC precipitation stations data to KML and post in Google Earth

d.vect precip_30ynormals

v.out.ogr precip_30ynormals output=precipitation.kml format=KML type=point

Optional part

Add WMS layer

g.region region=rural_1m -p
d.rast ortho_2001_t792_1m

In Layer Manager toolbar Add web service layer.
Paste the link to the service into server field and press connect:

https://imagery.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/services/USGSNAIPPlus/ImageServer/WMSServer?

To save the layer:
Right click on the web service layer in Layer Manager - choose Save web service layer. In dialog, set the name of the layer ortho_new and press Save layer.

Map Swipe

Move slider to compare images - what changes do you observe? Save a screenshot of the mapswipe window showing the comparison of orthos. See more options here.